欧盟碳边境调节机制对中国机械出口的影响评估
欧盟碳边境调节机制(CBAM)已于2023年10月进入过渡期,2026年起正式对进口产品征收碳关税。虽然CBAM目前主要覆盖钢铁、铝、水泥、化肥和电力等初级产品,但后续可能扩展到机械设备等下游产品。
对于中国机械出口企业来说,CBAM的潜在影响主要体现在两个方面:一是机械设备使用的原材料(如钢材)如果涉及CBAM覆盖的产品,碳排放成本将传导到设备制造成本中;二是如果未来CBAM扩展到机械设备产品本身,出口企业需要建立碳排放核算和报告体系。
“虽然机械设备目前不在CBAM的直接覆盖范围内,但有远见的企业应该提前开始准备,”一位碳管理咨询顾问建议,”包括建立产品碳足迹核算能力、优化生产工艺的碳排放、使用绿色电力和低碳材料等。”
“碳竞争力”正在成为工业设备出口的新维度。碳排放更低的产品,未来在国际市场上将获得更强的竞争地位。
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